What is dysentery ? (আমাশয় কি ? )
Dysentery is an inflammation of the intestine causing diarrhea with blood.
Other symptoms may include fever, abdominal pain, and rectal tenesmus (a feeling of incomplete defecation).
It is caused by a number of types of infection such as bacteria, viruses, parasitic worms, or protozoa.
It is a type of gastroenteritis. The mechanism is an inflammatory disorder of the intestine, especially
of the colon.
The most common form of dysentery is bacillary dysentery which is typically a mild illness,
causing symptoms normally consisting of mild stomach pains and frequent passage of stool or diarrhea.
Symptoms normally present themselves after one to three days and are usually no longer present after a week.
The frequency of urges to defecate, the large volume of liquid feces passed, and the presence of mucus, pus and
blood depends on the pathogen that is causing the disease.
In extreme cases, dysentery patients may pass over one litre of fluid per hour.
More often, individuals will complain of nausea, abdominal pain, and frequent watery
and usually foul-smelling diarrhea,
accompanied by mucus and blood, rectal pain, and fever.
Vomiting, rapid weight-loss, and generalized muscle aches sometimes also accompany dysentery.
Treatment (চিকিৎসা )
Dysentery is managed by maintaining fluids by using oral rehydration therapy.
If this treatment cannot be adequately maintained due to vomiting or the profuseness of diarrhea,
hospital admission may be required for intravenous fluid replacement.
In ideal situations, no antimicrobial therapy should be administered until microbiological microscopy
and culture studies have established the specific infection involved.
When laboratory services are not available, it may be necessary to administer a combination of drugs,
including an amoebicidal drug to kill the parasite, and an antibiotic to treat any associated bacterial infection.
If shigella is suspected and it is not too severe, letting it run its course may be reasonable — usually less than a week.
If the shigella is severe, antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin or TMP-SMX may be useful.
However, many strains of shigella are becoming resistant to common antibiotics, and effective medications are often in short supply in developing countries. If necessary, a doctor may have to reserve antibiotics for those at highest risk for death, including young children, people over 50, and anyone suffering from dehydration or malnutrition.
Amoebic dysentery is often treated with two antimicrobial drug such as metronidazole and paromomycin or iodoquinol.
With correct treatment, most cases of amoebic and bacterial dysentery subside
within ten days, and most individuals will achieve a full recovery within two to
four weeks after beginning proper treatment. If the disease is left untreated, the
prognosis varies with the immune status of the individual patient and the severity
of disease. Extreme dehydration can prolong recovery and significantly raises the
risk for serious complications.
0 comments:
Post a Comment